Preheat the oven to 425°F or 220°C.
Arrange the asparagus in a single layer on a baking sheet. Drizzle lightly with olive oil and season with salt and pepper.
Place the tray in the oven and roast until the asparagus is vibrant and tender-crisp.
While the asparagus cooks, melt the butter in a small saucepan over medium heat, stirring constantly until it turns golden with browned bits forming at the bottom.
Remove the butter from heat and stir in the minced garlic so it gently infuses without burning.
Add the lemon juice and mix well to combine.
Take the asparagus out of the oven and switch the oven to broil on high.
Pour the browned butter mixture over the asparagus and toss gently to coat evenly.
Sprinkle the grated Parmesan over the top.
Return the pan to the oven briefly until the cheese melts and turns lightly golden in spots, keeping a close eye to prevent burning.
Serve immediately while warm.